Japanese etymology : Query result

Proto-Japanese: *kàtànà

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: knife

Russian meaning: нож

Old Japanese: katana

Middle Japanese: kàtànà

Tokyo: kataná, katána

Kyoto: kátànà

Kagoshima: kataná

Comments: JLTT 443.

Proto-Japanese: *kátár-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to speak, tell

Russian meaning: говорить, рассказывать

Old Japanese: katar-

Middle Japanese: kátár-

Tokyo: kàtar-

Kyoto: kátár-

Kagoshima: katár-

Comments: JLTT 705.

Proto-Japanese: *kàtí

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: walking

Russian meaning: хождение пешком

Old Japanese: kati

Middle Japanese: kàtí

Tokyo: káchi

Kyoto: káchí

Kagoshima: kachí

Comments: JLTT 444. The Kyoto accent is irregular, otherwise all evidence points to *kàtí.

Proto-Japanese: *kátú-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 tuna fish 2 to become hungry

Russian meaning: 1 тунец 2 голодать

Middle Japanese: kátúwó 1, katuwa- 2

Tokyo: kàtsuo 1, katsué- 2

Kyoto: kátsúó 1, kátsúé- 2

Kagoshima: katsúo 1, kàtsùè-

Comments: JLTT 444. Historically a compound with *(d)ibua 'fish'. Despite the difference in accent, the verbal stem seems to belong here etymologically: cf. the verbal meaning 'to weaken, die (after releasing roe)' in most TM languages.

Proto-Japanese: *kátù

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: moreover, additionally

Russian meaning: кроме того, более того, дополнительно

Old Japanese: katu

Middle Japanese: katu

Tokyo: kátsu

Kyoto: kátsù

Kagoshima: kátsu

Comments: JLTT 444. Probably *kátù (Kyoto 2, Kagoshima A), but the Tokyo accent is irregular.

Proto-Japanese: *kátúrá

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: Cereidiphyllum japonicum

Russian meaning: багряник японский

Old Japanese: katura

Middle Japanese: kátúrá

Tokyo: kàtsura

Kyoto: kátsúrá

Kagoshima: katsúra

Comments: JLTT 445.

Proto-Japanese: *kàwà(ra)-k-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: dry, to dry up

Russian meaning: сохнуть

Old Japanese: kawak-

Middle Japanese: kawak- (RJ kàfàk-)

Tokyo: kawák-

Kyoto: káwák-

Kagoshima: kòrak-

Nase: kòràkj-

Shuri: kā́ràč-

Hateruma: kàrùg-

Yonakuni: kàrág-

Comments: JLTT 706.

Proto-Japanese: *káwǝ́r-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to smell, fumigate

Russian meaning: пахнуть; дымиться

Old Japanese: kawor-

Middle Japanese: kawor-

Tokyo: kàor-

Kyoto: káór-

Kagoshima: kaór-

Comments: JLTT 703.

Proto-Japanese: *kǝ̀-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to come

Russian meaning: приходить

Old Japanese: ko-

Middle Japanese: kú

Tokyo: kú-

Kyoto: kù-

Kagoshima: kú-

Nase: kj-

Shuri: č-

Hateruma: kù-

Yonakuni: kù-

Comments: JLTT 716. The RJ form is kú (final), but modern dialects point unanimously to *kǝ̀- (perhaps there was a metatony in this irregular paradigm).

Proto-Japanese: *kǝ́-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 this 2 that

Russian meaning: 1 этот 2 тот

Old Japanese: ko- 1

Middle Japanese: kó- 1; ka- 2

Tokyo: kòre 1; ká-re 'he'

Kyoto: kóré 1; ká-rè 'he'

Kagoshima: kói 1

Nase: kú-Ǹ 1

Shuri: kú-nù 1

Hateruma: kù-nù 1; ka_̀-n_ù 2

Yonakuni: kù-nú 1; kà-nú 2

Comments: JLTT 430, 452. High tone in Tokyo ká-re is not clear (the stem *ka- appears to be a merger of *kǝ́- and *á-).

Proto-Japanese: *kǝ̀i

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: tree

Russian meaning: дерево

Old Japanese: kji

Tokyo: kí

Kyoto: kìi

Kagoshima: kí

Nase: kɨ́

Shuri: kī́

Hateruma: kī́

Yonakuni: kī̀

Proto-Japanese: *kǝjǝ-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to lie

Russian meaning: лежать

Old Japanese: koju-

Comments: JLTT 711.

Proto-Japanese: *kǝju-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to freeze

Russian meaning: замерзать

Old Japanese: k(w)oju-

Comments: JLTT 711.

Proto-Japanese: *kǝ̀k- ( ~ -ua-)

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to urinate, excrete; to stink

Russian meaning: мочиться, испражняться; вонять

Middle Japanese: kòk-

Tokyo: kok-

Comments: JLTT 712.

Proto-Japanese: *kǝkǝnǝ-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: nine

Russian meaning: девять

Old Japanese: kokono-

Middle Japanese: kokono-

Tokyo: kokóno-

Kyoto: kókònò-

Kagoshima: kòkònó-

Comments: JLTT 454. Accent is unclear, just as in all other numerals.

Proto-Japanese: *kǝ̀kǝ̀rǝ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: heart

Russian meaning: сердце

Old Japanese: kokoro

Middle Japanese: kòkòró

Tokyo: kokóro

Kyoto: kókòrò

Kagoshima: kokoró

Nase: kṑró

Shuri: kúkúrú

Hateruma: ku_̀kùrú

Yonakuni: kùgùrù

Comments: JLTT 454. Accent is not quite clear: all dialects and RJ point probably to a low tone on first syllable (except Tokyo: the origin of type 2 in trisyllables is obscure); Kagoshima can reflect any structure with this characteristics; Kyoto points rather to *kǝ̀kǝ̀rǝ̀, as opposed to the attested kǝ̀kǝ̀rǝ́.

Proto-Japanese: *kǝ̀kǝ́-ta-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: plenty, much

Russian meaning: много, множество

Old Japanese: kokoda

Middle Japanese: kòkóta

Proto-Japanese: *kǝ̀m-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to be filled in, stuffed

Russian meaning: быть заполненным, набитым

Old Japanese: kom-

Middle Japanese: kòm-

Tokyo: kóm-

Kyoto: kòm-

Kagoshima: kòm-

Comments: JLTT 712. Cf. also PJ *kǝ̀mǝ̀r- id.

Proto-Japanese: *kǝ̀má-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: small, thin

Russian meaning: мелкий, тонкий

Middle Japanese: kòmáka-

Tokyo: komaká-i

Kyoto: kómákà-

Kagoshima: komaká-

Shuri: guma- 'small'

Yonakuni: gumá- 'small'

Comments: JLTT 455.

Proto-Japanese: *kǝ̀mài

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: rice

Russian meaning: рис

Old Japanese: kome

Middle Japanese: kome

Tokyo: komé

Kyoto: kómè

Kagoshima: komé

Comments: JLTT 455.